Physical Activity, Stress and Cognitive Concerns During the COVID‐19 Pandemic Among Older Adults in the United States

Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has increased psychological distress. Research shows that physical activity can reduce emotional distress and improve cognitive functioning. Yet, the pandemic has limited opportunities to engage in physical activity. In this study, we examined whether older adults who maintained physical activity during the pandemic perceived less subjective cognitive concerns and better emotional distress management compared to those who reduced or did not engage in activity. 8 Method 80 adults (ages 55‐94 years) from the community completed an online survey. Subjective cognitive concerns were measured using the Everyday Cognition Scale. Physical activity was measured with the question, "Have you maintained your physical activities during social isolation?” and answers were grouped into yes, no, or partially. Emotional distress was measured with the question, "How well you think you have been able to manage your emotions, worries and stress, and answers were grouped into good/very good, regular, or bad/very bad. Result 54% of participants reported having maintained or increased their physical activity levels, 33% partially maintained their usual levels, and 13% reduced or did not engage in activity. 64% reported that they were managing their emotions, worry and stress good/very good, 30% regular, and 6% bad/very bad. Participants who maintained or increased their physical activity levels reported less cognitive concerns and greater ability to manage their emotions, worry and stress, compared to those who reduced, partially or did not engage in physical activity. Conclusion Encouraging individuals and providing resources for increasing physical activity may help mitigate some of the pandemic's adverse effects on psychological well‐being.

The impact of COVID-19 on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States and Latin America

Background In the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults from vulnerable ethnoracial groups are at high risk of infection, hospitalization, and death. We aimed to explore the pandemic?s impact on the well-being and cognition of older adults within and outside of the United States (US). Method 1,747 (646 White, 991 Latino, 77 Black, 33 Asian;72% female) individuals from the US and 14 Latin American countries completed an online survey regarding well-being and cognition during the pandemic. Outcome variables (pandemic impact, discrimination, loneliness, purpose of life, subjective cognitive concerns) were compared across four US ethnoracial groups, and Latinos living in the US and Latin America. Result Mean age was 66·5 (SD = 7·70) years and mean education was 15·4 (SD = 2·76) years. We found no differences in the pandemic?s overall impact across US ethnoracial groups. Compared to Whites, Latinos reported greater economic impact (p < ·001, ?p2 = .031);while Blacks reported experiencing discrimination more often (p < ·001, ?p2 = .050). Blacks and Latinos reported more positive coping (p < ·001, ?p2 = 040). Latin American Latinos reported greater pandemic impact (p < ·001, ?p2 =.013 ), more positive coping (p =·006, ?p2 =.008 ), and less discrimination than US Latinos (p < ·001, ?p2 = .013 ). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has differentially impacted the well-being of older ethnically diverse individuals in the US and Latin America. Future studies should examine how mediators like income and coping skills modify the pandemic?s impact.

The impact of COVID-19 on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States and Latin America.

BACKGROUND: In the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults from vulnerable ethnoracial groups are at high risk of infection, hospitalization, and death. We aimed to explore the pandemic's impact on the well-being and cognition of older adults living in the United States (US), Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. METHODS: 1,608 (646 White, 852 Latino, 77 Black, 33 Asian; 72% female) individuals from the US and four Latin American countries aged ≥ 55 years completed an online survey regarding well-being and cognition during the pandemic between May and September 2020. Outcome variables (pandemic impact, discrimination, loneliness, purpose of life, subjective cognitive concerns) were compared across four US ethnoracial groups and older adults living in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. FINDINGS: Mean age for all participants was 66.7 (SD = 7.7) years and mean education was 15.4 (SD = 2.7) years. Compared to Whites, Latinos living in the US reported greater economic impact (p < .001, ηp 2  = 0.031); while Blacks reported experiencing discrimination more often (p < .001, ηp 2  = 0.050). Blacks and Latinos reported more positive coping (p < .001, ηp 2  = 0.040). Compared to Latinos living in the US, Latinos in Chile, Mexico, and Peru reported greater pandemic impact, Latinos in Mexico and Peru reported more positive coping, Latinos in Argentina, Mexico, and Peru had greater economic impact, and Latinos in Argentina, Chile, and Peru reported less discrimination. INTERPRETATION: The COVID-19 pandemic has differentially impacted the well-being of older ethnically diverse individuals in the US and Latin America. Future studies should examine how mediators like income and coping skills modify the pandemic's impact. FUNDING: Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Psychiatry.